E4sma

e4sma provides consulting services in the areas of energy planning, policy and environment. we provide support in the creation of energy / environmental / economic models able to represent the complexity of existing energy systems and to investigate how such systems evolve over the years, using scenario-based approaches. e4sma develops and runs integrated energy systems models, or ad-hoc tools and methodologies, for medium-long term analysis in order to help energy decision makers to evaluate a range of challenges at different geographic scales. e4sma has a relevant experience in markal/times-based modelling, but a number of different methodologies and tools have been used in the past years for investigating the energy systems complexities. company experts use various system analysis approaches, such as the computable general equilibrium models, multi-criteria platforms, accounting framework- and system dynamics-based tools, as well as some power systems specific tools, with the aim