Journal of Injury and Violence Research

the journal of injury and violence research (jivr) is an open-access medical journal that publishes definitive, peer reviewed articles devoted to the clinical practice of injury and violence. the jivr is a participant in the continuing education of clinicians, fosters responsible debates on controversial issues, and forecasts important issues and trends in injury and violence identification, prevention, and treatment. as an international journal, it encourages communication between different cultures to inform our readers. the topic of injury and violence includes all quantitative and qualitative studies in the field of clinical and basic sciences about trauma, burns, drowning and falls, occupational safety, road safety, sport and leisure related injury, youth violence, child and elder abuse, child and elder injuries, intimate partner abuse and sexual violence, self-harm and suicide, patient safety, safe communities, consumer safety, disaster management and terrorism, surveillance/burd